当期目录

2019年 第2卷 第2期    刊出日期：2019-06-20

上一期    下一期

REVIEW ARTICLE

Recent Progress in All-Solid-State Lithium-Sulfur Batteries Using High Li-Ion Conductive Solid Electrolytes

Ediga Umeshbabu, Bizhu Zheng, Yong Yang

2019, 2(2):  199-230.  doi:10.1007/s41918-019-00029-3

摘要 ( 888 )   PDF  

相关文章 | 多维度评价

Rechargeable lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries are one of the most promising next-generation energy storage systems due to their extremely high energy densities and low cost compared with state-of-the-art lithium-ion batteries. However, the main obstacles of conventional Li-S batteries arise from the dissolution of lithium polysulfdes in organic liquid electrolytes and corresponding safety issues. To address these issues, an efective approach is to replace conventional liquid electrolytes with solid-state electrolytes. In this review, recent progress in the development of solid electrolytes, including solid polymer electrolytes and inorganic glass/ceramic solid electrolytes, along with corresponding all-solid-state Li-S batteries (ASSLSBs) and related interfacial issues at the electrode/electrolyte interface, will be systematically summarized. In addition, the importance of various solid-state lithium ion conductors in ASSLSBs will be discussed followed by detailed presentations on the development of various forms of sulfur-based positive electrode materials (e.g., elemental sulfur, lithium sulfde, metal sulfdes, lithium thiophosphates, and lithium polysulfdophosphates) along with key interfacial challenges at the electrode/solid electrolyte interface (cathode/SE and anode/SE). Finally, this review will provide a brief outlook on the future research of ASSLSBs.

Full-text：https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s41918-019-00029-3/fulltext.html



Metal-Nitrogen-Carbon Catalysts for Oxygen Reduction in PEM Fuel Cells: Self-Template Synthesis Approach to Enhancing Catalytic Activity and Stability

Yanghua He, Qiang Tan, Leilei Lu, Joshua Sokolowski, Gang Wu

2019, 2(2):  231-251.  doi:10.1007/s41918-019-00031-9

摘要 ( 769 )   PDF  

相关文章 | 多维度评价

Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are leading candidates in the utilization of clean energy resources for application in transportation, stationary, and portable devices. In PEMFCs, cathode catalysts are crucial for overall performance and durability due to kinetically slow oxygen reduction reactions (ORR). Because platinum (Pt), a state-of-the-art ORR catalyst, is rare and expensive, the development of high-performance platinum metal group (PGM)-free catalysts is highly desirable for future fuel cell technologies. Among the various PGM-free catalyst formulations, metal and nitrogen co-doped carbon (M-N-C, M:Fe, Co, or Mn) catalysts have exhibited encouraging activity and stability in acidic media for ORR and possess great potential to replace Pt in the future. Therefore, based on our extensive experience in the feld of ORR catalysis, this review will comprehensively summarize the basic principles in the design and synthesis of M-N-C catalysts for durable, inexpensive, and high-performance PEMFCs with an emphasis on Co-and Mn-N-C catalysts to avoid Fenton reactions between Fe²⁺ and H₂O₂, which can generate free radicals and lead to the degradation of catalysts, ionomers, and membranes in PEMFCs. Furthermore, template-free 3D hydrocarbon frameworks as attractive precursors to advanced M-N-C catalysts will be discussed to signifcantly enhance intrinsic ORR activities in acidic media. In addition, long-term performance durability of M-N-C cathodes will be discussed extensively to provide potential solutions to enhance catalyst stability in PEMFCs. Finally, this review will provide an overall perspective on the progress, challenges, and solutions of PGM-free catalysts for future PEMFC technologies.

Full-text：https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s41918-019-00031-9/fulltext.html



Oxygen Reduction Reactions of Fe-N-C Catalysts: Current Status and the Way Forward

Hangjia Shen, Tiju Thomas, Sefu Abolaji Rasaki, Ali Saad, Chun Hu, Jiacheng Wang, Minghui Yang

2019, 2(2):  252-276.  doi:10.1007/s41918-019-00030-w

摘要 ( 857 )   PDF  

相关文章 | 多维度评价

Currently, Fe-N-C materials are considered to be among the most important oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalysts, because they are potential substitutes for Pt-based catalysts and are therefore promising in the development of non-noble metal-based catalysts. However, challenges such as electron transfer kinetics still exist and need to be improved upon. From a chemical stand point, improvements can be made through the better understanding of mechanisms in Fe-N-C-based ORR catalysis along with a deeper understanding of the chemical origin of active sites on Fe-N-C catalyst surfaces. Based on these, this comprehensive review will focus on the energy conversion, transformation kinetics and electron transfer of the ORR process as catalyzed by Fe-N-C catalysts. And by taking these and other relevant analytical results for Fe-N-C materials into consideration, primary strategies in the improvement in Fe-N-C catalyst activity will be presented.

Full-text：https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s41918-019-00030-w/fulltext.html



Li-Rich Layered Oxides and Their Practical Challenges: Recent Progress and Perspectives

Sijiang Hu, Anoop. S. Pillai, Gemeng Liang, Wei Kong Pang, Hongqiang Wang, Qingyu Li, Zaiping Guo

2019, 2(2):  277-311.  doi:10.1007/s41918-019-00032-8

摘要 ( 664 )   PDF  

相关文章 | 多维度评价

Lithium-rich layered oxides (LLOs), also known as Li_1+xM_1-xO₂ or xLi₂MnO₃-(1-x)LiMO₂ (M=Ni, Co, Mn), have been regarded as some of the highest capacity lithium cathodes and have attracted increasing attention from battery researchers and engineers in recent years. This is because LLOs possess maximum possible capacities of~280 to 310 mAh g^-1 with a high working potential of~3.7 V (vs. Li⁺/Li⁰) and an astounding energy density of~900 Wh kg^-1. Despite these promising properties, these technologically important cathodes have not yet been successfully commercialized due to low initial Coulombic efciency, poor rate capabilities and gradual capacity/voltage fade during electrochemical cycling as well as further complications from continuous structural changes during cycling. Here, researchers have concluded that these issues mainly originate from the electrochemical activation of Li₂MnO₃ components, which, although it provides anomalously high capacity performances, also causes associated complex anionic redox activities of O and irreversible structural and phase transformations during charging at potentials greater than 4.5 V (vs. Li⁺/Li⁰). To provide perspectives, this review will summarize various attempts made towards addressing these issues and present the connections between electrochemical properties and structural change. In addition, this review will discuss redox chemistries and mechanistic behaviours during cycling and will provide future research directions to guide the commercialization of LLOs.

Full-text：https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s41918-019-00032-8/fulltext.html



The Hydrogen Oxidation Reaction in Alkaline Medium: An Overview

Carlos Augusto Campos-Roldán, Nicolas Alonso-Vante

2019, 2(2):  312-331.  doi:10.1007/s41918-019-00034-6

摘要 ( 818 )   PDF  

相关文章 | 多维度评价

The recent advances in electrocatalysis for the hydrogen evolution reactions in acid and alkaline media are carefully reviewed. In this sense, this short review focuses on precious and non-precious catalytic centers. The recent development of HOR electrocatalysts with novel structures and compositions is highlighted. The understandings of the correlation between the activity and the shape, size, composition, and synthesis methods are summarized. The research directions, e.g., on the further development of more active, more stable, and less expensive electrocatalysts for the anion-exchange membranes for the alkaline fuel cell technology are provided. In this context, positive perspectives to overcome the high kinetic barriers encountered in alkaline medium can be expected in the years to come.

Full-text：https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s41918-019-00034-6/fulltext.html



3D Hierarchical Porous Graphene-Based Energy Materials: Synthesis, Functionalization, and Application in Energy Storage and Conversion

Cheng Tang, Hao-Fan Wang, Jia-Qi Huang, Weizhong Qian, Fei Wei, Shi-Zhang Qiao, Qiang Zhang

2019, 2(2):  332-371.  doi:10.1007/s41918-019-00033-7

摘要 ( 574 )   PDF  

相关文章 | 多维度评价

The rational development of efective energy materials is crucial to the sustainable growth of society. Here, 3D hierarchical porous graphene (hpG)-based materials with micro-, meso-, and macroporous features have recently attracted extensive research eforts due to unique porosities, controllable synthesis, versatile functionalization, favorable mass/electron transport, and superior performances in which corresponding electrochemical performances are strongly dependent on the nature of the building blocks and structural hierarchy of the assemblies. In this review, recent achievements in the controllable synthesis, versatile functionalization, and device application of 3D hpG-based energy materials will be summarized, including controllable and facile synthesis through chemical vapor deposition on 3D porous templates, post-assembly/treatment of graphene oxide nanosheets, and templated polymerization. In addition, graphene material functionalization through heteroatom doping, spatially confned decoration of active nanoparticles, and surface hybridization of graphene-analogous components to enhance electrochemical properties will be discussed. Furthermore, applications of 3D hpG materials in various electrochemical energy storage and conversion systems will be summarized, including lithium-ion batteries, lithium-sulfur batteries, lithium metal anodes, oxygen reduction reaction, oxygen evolution reaction, hydrogen evolution reaction, and nitrogen reduction reaction. Overall, this review will comprehensively present the property advantages, design principles and synthesis strategies of 3D hpG-based energy materials and provide guidance in the development of various 2D graphene-analogous materials and nanomaterials for advanced electrochemical energy storage and conversion systems.

Full-text：https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s41918-019-00033-7/fulltext.html