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Electrochemical Energy Reviews ›› 2020, Vol. 3 ›› Issue (4): 793-845.doi: 10.1007/s41918-020-00080-5

• REVIEW ARTICLE • 上一篇    

Polybenzimidazole-Based High-Temperature Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells: New Insights and Recent Progress

David Aili1, Dirk Henkensmeier2,3,4, Santiago Martin1,5, Bhupendra Singh6, Yang Hu1, Jens Oluf Jensen1, Lars N. Cleemann1, Qingfeng Li1   

  1. 1. Department of Energy Conversion and Storage, Technical University of Denmark, Fysikvej, 2800, Lyngby, Denmark;
    2. Center for Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea;
    3. Division of Energy and Environment Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea;
    4. Green School, Korea University, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea;
    5. Dept. Fisica Matematica y de Fluidos, Facultad de Ciencias, UNED, 28040, Madrid, Spain;
    6. CSIR-Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute(AMPRI), Bhopal, 462026, India
  • 收稿日期:2019-12-04 修回日期:2020-06-22 出版日期:2020-11-20 发布日期:2020-12-16
  • 基金资助:
    The authors would like to thank Dr. Hans Aage Hjuler from Danish Power Systems for his valuable discussions and comments to this work. Funding for this work as well as previous activities was provided by the Innovation fund Denmark (4 M Centre) and EUDP program (COBRA-Drive) and the EU Framework Program for Research and Innovation H2020 under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions Individual Fellowship (H2020-IF-2017, Grant Number:796272), and KIST internal program.

Polybenzimidazole-Based High-Temperature Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells: New Insights and Recent Progress

David Aili1, Dirk Henkensmeier2,3,4, Santiago Martin1,5, Bhupendra Singh6, Yang Hu1, Jens Oluf Jensen1, Lars N. Cleemann1, Qingfeng Li1   

  1. 1. Department of Energy Conversion and Storage, Technical University of Denmark, Fysikvej, 2800, Lyngby, Denmark;
    2. Center for Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea;
    3. Division of Energy and Environment Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea;
    4. Green School, Korea University, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea;
    5. Dept. Fisica Matematica y de Fluidos, Facultad de Ciencias, UNED, 28040, Madrid, Spain;
    6. CSIR-Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute(AMPRI), Bhopal, 462026, India
  • Received:2019-12-04 Revised:2020-06-22 Online:2020-11-20 Published:2020-12-16
  • Supported by:
    The authors would like to thank Dr. Hans Aage Hjuler from Danish Power Systems for his valuable discussions and comments to this work. Funding for this work as well as previous activities was provided by the Innovation fund Denmark (4 M Centre) and EUDP program (COBRA-Drive) and the EU Framework Program for Research and Innovation H2020 under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions Individual Fellowship (H2020-IF-2017, Grant Number:796272), and KIST internal program.

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摘要：

High-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells based on phosphoric acid-doped polybenzimidazole membranes are a technology characterized by simplified construction and operation along with possible integration with, e.g., methanol reformers. Significant progress has been achieved in terms of key materials, components and systems. This review is devoted to updating new insights into the fundamental understanding and technological deployment of this technology. Polymers are synthetically modified with basic functionalities, and membranes are improved through cross-linking and inorganic-organic hybridization. New insights into phosphoric acid along with its interactions with basic polymers, metal catalysts and carbon-based supports are recapped. Recognition of parasitic acid migration raises acid retention issues at high current densities. Acid loss via evaporation is estimated with respect to the acid inventory of membrane electrode assembly. Acid adsorption on platinum surfaces can be alleviated for platinum alloys and non-precious metal catalysts. Binders have been considered a key to the establishment of the triple-phase boundary, while recent development of binderless electrodes opens new avenues toward low Pt loadings. Often ignored microporous layers and water impacts are also discussed. Of special concern are durability issues including acid loss, platinum sintering and carbon corrosion, the latter being critical during start/stop cycling with mitigation measures proposed. Long-term durability has been demonstrated with a voltage degradation rate of less than 1 μV h-1 under steady-state tests at 160℃, while challenges remain at higher temperatures, current densities or reactant stoichiometries, particularly during dynamic operation with thermal, load or start/stop cycling.


Full-text：https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s41918-020-00080-5

关键词: High-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell, HT-PEMFC, Polybenzimidazole (PBI), Phosphoric acid, Proton conductivity, Gas diffusion electrode, Performance and durability

Abstract:

High-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells based on phosphoric acid-doped polybenzimidazole membranes are a technology characterized by simplified construction and operation along with possible integration with, e.g., methanol reformers. Significant progress has been achieved in terms of key materials, components and systems. This review is devoted to updating new insights into the fundamental understanding and technological deployment of this technology. Polymers are synthetically modified with basic functionalities, and membranes are improved through cross-linking and inorganic-organic hybridization. New insights into phosphoric acid along with its interactions with basic polymers, metal catalysts and carbon-based supports are recapped. Recognition of parasitic acid migration raises acid retention issues at high current densities. Acid loss via evaporation is estimated with respect to the acid inventory of membrane electrode assembly. Acid adsorption on platinum surfaces can be alleviated for platinum alloys and non-precious metal catalysts. Binders have been considered a key to the establishment of the triple-phase boundary, while recent development of binderless electrodes opens new avenues toward low Pt loadings. Often ignored microporous layers and water impacts are also discussed. Of special concern are durability issues including acid loss, platinum sintering and carbon corrosion, the latter being critical during start/stop cycling with mitigation measures proposed. Long-term durability has been demonstrated with a voltage degradation rate of less than 1 μV h-1 under steady-state tests at 160℃, while challenges remain at higher temperatures, current densities or reactant stoichiometries, particularly during dynamic operation with thermal, load or start/stop cycling.


Full-text：https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s41918-020-00080-5

Key words: High-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell, HT-PEMFC, Polybenzimidazole (PBI), Phosphoric acid, Proton conductivity, Gas diffusion electrode, Performance and durability

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