Sodium Superionic Conductors (NASICONs) as Cathode Materials for Sodium-Ion Batteries

doi:10.1007/s41918-021-00120-8

Electrochemical Energy Reviews ›› 2021, Vol. 4 ›› Issue (4): 793-823.doi: 10.1007/s41918-021-00120-8

Sodium Superionic Conductors (NASICONs) as Cathode Materials for Sodium-Ion Batteries

Qingbo Zhou¹, Linlin Wang¹, Wenyao Li², Kangning Zhao³, Minmin Liu¹, Qian Wu¹, Yujie Yang¹, Guanjie He², Ivan P. Parkin², Paul R. Shearing², Dan J. L. Brett², Jiujun Zhang¹, Xueliang Sun⁴

1. Institute for Sustainable Energy/College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China;
2. Electrochemical Innovation Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, London, WC1E 7JE, UK;
3. Laboratory of Advanced Separations (LAS), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1950, Sion, Switzerland;
4. Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada

收稿日期:2021-03-22 修回日期:2021-05-10 出版日期:2021-11-20 发布日期:2022-02-21
通讯作者: Linlin Wang,E-mail:wlinlin@mail.ustc.edu.cn;Wenyao Li,E-mail:wenyao.li@ucl.ac.uk;Jiujun Zhang,E-mail:jiujun.zhang@i.shu.edu.cn E-mail:wlinlin@mail.ustc.edu.cn;wenyao.li@ucl.ac.uk;jiujun.zhang@i.shu.edu.cn
基金资助:
This work is financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 51602193, 21601122, 21905169), the Belt and Road Initiatives International Cooperation Project (No. 20640770300), the Shanghai "Chen Guang" Project (16CG63), the Shanghai Local Universities Capacity Building Project of Science and Technology Innovation Action Program (21010501700), the Shanghai Sailing Program (No. 18YF1408600), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (WD1817002), the EPSRC (EP/R023581/1, EP/P009050/1, EP/V027433/1) and the Royal Society (RGS/R1/211080).

Sodium Superionic Conductors (NASICONs) as Cathode Materials for Sodium-Ion Batteries

1. Institute for Sustainable Energy/College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China;
2. Electrochemical Innovation Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, London, WC1E 7JE, UK;
3. Laboratory of Advanced Separations (LAS), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1950, Sion, Switzerland;
4. Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada

Received:2021-03-22 Revised:2021-05-10 Online:2021-11-20 Published:2022-02-21
Contact: Linlin Wang,E-mail:wlinlin@mail.ustc.edu.cn;Wenyao Li,E-mail:wenyao.li@ucl.ac.uk;Jiujun Zhang,E-mail:jiujun.zhang@i.shu.edu.cn E-mail:wlinlin@mail.ustc.edu.cn;wenyao.li@ucl.ac.uk;jiujun.zhang@i.shu.edu.cn
Supported by:
This work is financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 51602193, 21601122, 21905169), the Belt and Road Initiatives International Cooperation Project (No. 20640770300), the Shanghai "Chen Guang" Project (16CG63), the Shanghai Local Universities Capacity Building Project of Science and Technology Innovation Action Program (21010501700), the Shanghai Sailing Program (No. 18YF1408600), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (WD1817002), the EPSRC (EP/R023581/1, EP/P009050/1, EP/V027433/1) and the Royal Society (RGS/R1/211080).

摘要/Abstract

摘要： Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) have developed rapidly owing to the high natural abundance, wide distribution, and low cost of sodium. Among the various materials used in SIBs, sodium superion conductor (NASICON)-based electrode materials with remarkable structural stability and high ionic conductivity are one of the most promising candidates for sodium storage electrodes. Nevertheless, the relatively low electronic conductivity of these materials makes them display poor electrochemical performance, significantly limiting their practical application. In recent years, the strategies of enhancing the inherent conductivity of NASICON-based cathode materials have been extensively studied through coating the active material with a conductive carbon layer, reducing the size of the cathode material, combining the cathode material with various carbon materials, and doping elements in the bulk phase. In this paper, we review the recent progress in the development of NASICON-based cathode materials for SIBs in terms of their synthesis, characterization, functional mechanisms, and performance validation/optimization. The advantages and disadvantages of such SIB cathode materials are analyzed, and the relationship between electrode structures and electrochemical performance as well as the strategies for enhancing their electrical conductivity and structural stability is highlighted. Some technical challenges of NASICON-based cathode materials with respect to SIB performance are analyzed, and several future research directions are also proposed for overcoming the challenges toward practical applications.

关键词: Sodium-ion battery, Cathode materials, Energy storage, Sodium superionic conductor (NASICON)

Abstract: Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) have developed rapidly owing to the high natural abundance, wide distribution, and low cost of sodium. Among the various materials used in SIBs, sodium superion conductor (NASICON)-based electrode materials with remarkable structural stability and high ionic conductivity are one of the most promising candidates for sodium storage electrodes. Nevertheless, the relatively low electronic conductivity of these materials makes them display poor electrochemical performance, significantly limiting their practical application. In recent years, the strategies of enhancing the inherent conductivity of NASICON-based cathode materials have been extensively studied through coating the active material with a conductive carbon layer, reducing the size of the cathode material, combining the cathode material with various carbon materials, and doping elements in the bulk phase. In this paper, we review the recent progress in the development of NASICON-based cathode materials for SIBs in terms of their synthesis, characterization, functional mechanisms, and performance validation/optimization. The advantages and disadvantages of such SIB cathode materials are analyzed, and the relationship between electrode structures and electrochemical performance as well as the strategies for enhancing their electrical conductivity and structural stability is highlighted. Some technical challenges of NASICON-based cathode materials with respect to SIB performance are analyzed, and several future research directions are also proposed for overcoming the challenges toward practical applications.

Key words: Sodium-ion battery, Cathode materials, Energy storage, Sodium superionic conductor (NASICON)

Qingbo Zhou, Linlin Wang, Wenyao Li, Kangning Zhao, Minmin Liu, Qian Wu, Yujie Yang, Guanjie He, Ivan P. Parkin, Paul R. Shearing, Dan J. L. Brett, Jiujun Zhang, Xueliang Sun. Sodium Superionic Conductors (NASICONs) as Cathode Materials for Sodium-Ion Batteries[J]. Electrochemical Energy Reviews, 2021, 4(4): 793-823.

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Sodium Superionic Conductors (NASICONs) as Cathode Materials for Sodium-Ion Batteries

Sodium Superionic Conductors (NASICONs) as Cathode Materials for Sodium-Ion Batteries

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