Foundations, Design Strategies, and Further Considerations for High-Energy Al-S Batteries

doi:10.1007/s41918-025-00251-2

Electrochemical Energy Reviews ›› 2025, Vol. 8 ›› Issue (3): 15-.doi: 10.1007/s41918-025-00251-2

Foundations, Design Strategies, and Further Considerations for High-Energy Al-S Batteries

Xuefeng Zhang¹, Yun Tong¹, Jialiang An¹, Fan Cheng¹, Zhuang Wu¹, Yihan Xue¹, Zheng Huang², Zhao Fang¹, Shuqiang Jiao^2,3

1. School of Metallurgical Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, Shannxi, China;
2. State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China;
3. State Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing and Recycling of Non-Ferrous Metal, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, Gansu, China

收稿日期:2024-10-16 修回日期:2025-01-08 出版日期:2025-09-20 发布日期:2025-11-12
通讯作者: Zhao Fang Email:E-mail:fangzhao@xauat.edu.cn;Shuqiang Jiao Email:E-mail:sjiao@ustb.edu.cn E-mail:fangzhao@xauat.edu.cn;sjiao@ustb.edu.cn
基金资助:
This study was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (52274353, 51974219). This work was also supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China Youth Foundation (52404325).

Foundations, Design Strategies, and Further Considerations for High-Energy Al-S Batteries

Xuefeng Zhang¹, Yun Tong¹, Jialiang An¹, Fan Cheng¹, Zhuang Wu¹, Yihan Xue¹, Zheng Huang², Zhao Fang¹, Shuqiang Jiao^2,3

1. School of Metallurgical Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, Shannxi, China;
2. State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China;
3. State Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing and Recycling of Non-Ferrous Metal, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, Gansu, China

Received:2024-10-16 Revised:2025-01-08 Online:2025-09-20 Published:2025-11-12
Contact: Zhao Fang Email:E-mail:fangzhao@xauat.edu.cn;Shuqiang Jiao Email:E-mail:sjiao@ustb.edu.cn E-mail:fangzhao@xauat.edu.cn;sjiao@ustb.edu.cn
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China, 52274353, Xuefeng Zhang; 51974219, Xuefeng Zhang; 52404325, Xuefeng Zhang.

摘要/Abstract

摘要： Aluminum-sulfur (Al-S) batteries have emerged as promising contenders in high-energy battery systems, have attracted significant research interest over the past decade because of their distinctive attributes, such as high capacity, high energy density, abundance, enhanced safety, and cost effectiveness, and have been rapidly developed. However, this novel energy conversion system still faces considerable challenges fundamentally attributed to the sluggish conversion kinetics induced by the inherent high charge density of Al³⁺ and to the severe shuttle effect. Increasing numbers of targeted strategies have significantly alleviated these issues. Nevertheless, an in-depth understanding and a systematic review to guide the enhancement of Al-S batteries are lacking. Hence, in this review, we first demonstrate the foundations of Al-S batteries, including their development history, fundamentals, crucial issues, and design principles. Subsequently, we present a comprehensive understanding and a discussion of the current strategies for different battery configurations. Finally, we offer some insights into crucial challenges and prospective solutions according to current developments, shedding some light on the future development of Al-S batteries.Aluminum-sulfur (Al-S) batteries are considered excellent candidates for future largescaleenergy storage technology because of their high capacity, high energy density,high safety, and low cost. This article reviews the key issues and challenges for Al-Sbatteries, providing a comprehensive summary and an analysis of the developmentstrategies for each battery component. Finally, this article offers practical strategies fordeveloping future high-performance conversion-type Al-S batteries, consideringopportunities and directions for their development.103

关键词: Al-S batteries, Sulfur positive electrode, Electrolytes, Modified separator, Aluminum negative electrode

Abstract: Aluminum-sulfur (Al-S) batteries have emerged as promising contenders in high-energy battery systems, have attracted significant research interest over the past decade because of their distinctive attributes, such as high capacity, high energy density, abundance, enhanced safety, and cost effectiveness, and have been rapidly developed. However, this novel energy conversion system still faces considerable challenges fundamentally attributed to the sluggish conversion kinetics induced by the inherent high charge density of Al³⁺ and to the severe shuttle effect. Increasing numbers of targeted strategies have significantly alleviated these issues. Nevertheless, an in-depth understanding and a systematic review to guide the enhancement of Al-S batteries are lacking. Hence, in this review, we first demonstrate the foundations of Al-S batteries, including their development history, fundamentals, crucial issues, and design principles. Subsequently, we present a comprehensive understanding and a discussion of the current strategies for different battery configurations. Finally, we offer some insights into crucial challenges and prospective solutions according to current developments, shedding some light on the future development of Al-S batteries.Aluminum-sulfur (Al-S) batteries are considered excellent candidates for future largescaleenergy storage technology because of their high capacity, high energy density,high safety, and low cost. This article reviews the key issues and challenges for Al-Sbatteries, providing a comprehensive summary and an analysis of the developmentstrategies for each battery component. Finally, this article offers practical strategies fordeveloping future high-performance conversion-type Al-S batteries, consideringopportunities and directions for their development.103

Key words: Al-S batteries, Sulfur positive electrode, Electrolytes, Modified separator, Aluminum negative electrode

Xuefeng Zhang, Yun Tong, Jialiang An, Fan Cheng, Zhuang Wu, Yihan Xue, Zheng Huang, Zhao Fang, Shuqiang Jiao. Foundations, Design Strategies, and Further Considerations for High-Energy Al-S Batteries[J]. Electrochemical Energy Reviews, 2025, 8(3): 15-.

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Foundations, Design Strategies, and Further Considerations for High-Energy Al-S Batteries

Foundations, Design Strategies, and Further Considerations for High-Energy Al-S Batteries

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