Large-Scale Production of High-Loading Single-Atom Catalysts for Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage Applications

doi:10.1007/s41918-025-00261-0

Electrochemical Energy Reviews ›› 2025, Vol. 8 ›› Issue (4): 29-.doi: 10.1007/s41918-025-00261-0

Large-Scale Production of High-Loading Single-Atom Catalysts for Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage Applications

Jin Yan¹, Nadia Batool¹, Zhangsen Chen², Qian Zhang¹, Kai Zeng¹, Tianyi Gu¹, Chengyi Lu¹, Jie Guo¹, Shuhui Sun², Ruizhi Yang¹

1. College of Energy, Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials Innovations, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu, China;
2. Institut National de La Recherche Scientifique (INRS)-Center Énergie Materiaux Télé Communications, Varennes, QC J3X 1P7, Canada

收稿日期:2025-01-01 修回日期:2025-07-18 出版日期:2025-12-20 发布日期:2026-01-13
通讯作者: Shuhui Sun,E-mail:shuhui.sun@inrs.ca;Ruizhi Yang,E-mail:yangrz@suda.edu.cn E-mail:shuhui.sun@inrs.ca;yangrz@suda.edu.cn
基金资助:
We gratefully acknowledge financial support from the National Key R&D Program of China (Grant No. 2020YFB1505703) and the Natural Science Foundation of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China (Grant No. 20KJA480003).

Large-Scale Production of High-Loading Single-Atom Catalysts for Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage Applications

Jin Yan¹, Nadia Batool¹, Zhangsen Chen², Qian Zhang¹, Kai Zeng¹, Tianyi Gu¹, Chengyi Lu¹, Jie Guo¹, Shuhui Sun², Ruizhi Yang¹

1. College of Energy, Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials Innovations, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu, China;
2. Institut National de La Recherche Scientifique (INRS)-Center Énergie Materiaux Télé Communications, Varennes, QC J3X 1P7, Canada

Received:2025-01-01 Revised:2025-07-18 Online:2025-12-20 Published:2026-01-13
Contact: Shuhui Sun,E-mail:shuhui.sun@inrs.ca;Ruizhi Yang,E-mail:yangrz@suda.edu.cn E-mail:shuhui.sun@inrs.ca;yangrz@suda.edu.cn
Supported by:
We gratefully acknowledge financial support from the National Key R&D Program of China (Grant No. 2020YFB1505703) and the Natural Science Foundation of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China (Grant No. 20KJA480003).

摘要/Abstract

摘要： The development of low-cost and highly efficient electrocatalysts is crucial for the widespread adoption of clean energy technologies. Single-atom catalysts (SACs) have attracted extensive attention because of their exceptional catalytic performance and metal utilization. However, conventional methods for synthesizing SACs often have disadvantages such as an extremely low degree of metal loading and limited yield. Therefore, techniques for the scalable fabrication of SACs with high degrees of metal loading for use in practical applications are strongly needed. In this review, we first explore various design strategies for synthesizing stable SACs. Afterward, we highlight recent advances in improving the mass activity of SACs with high degrees of metal loading and introduce a universal strategy for synthesizing SACs on various supports. Furthermore, we provide a summary of facile strategies for the large-scale preparation of SACs for various electrocatalytic applications, including the oxygen reduction reaction, oxygen evolution reaction, hydrogen evolution reaction, and CO2 reduction reaction. Finally, we discuss the challenges and perspectives of the large-scale production of SACs for use in practical applications. This review offers valuable guidance for the design of high-loading SACs.

关键词: SACs, Large-scale production, Electrocatalysis, Catalytic performance, Energy conversion and storage applications

Abstract: The development of low-cost and highly efficient electrocatalysts is crucial for the widespread adoption of clean energy technologies. Single-atom catalysts (SACs) have attracted extensive attention because of their exceptional catalytic performance and metal utilization. However, conventional methods for synthesizing SACs often have disadvantages such as an extremely low degree of metal loading and limited yield. Therefore, techniques for the scalable fabrication of SACs with high degrees of metal loading for use in practical applications are strongly needed. In this review, we first explore various design strategies for synthesizing stable SACs. Afterward, we highlight recent advances in improving the mass activity of SACs with high degrees of metal loading and introduce a universal strategy for synthesizing SACs on various supports. Furthermore, we provide a summary of facile strategies for the large-scale preparation of SACs for various electrocatalytic applications, including the oxygen reduction reaction, oxygen evolution reaction, hydrogen evolution reaction, and CO2 reduction reaction. Finally, we discuss the challenges and perspectives of the large-scale production of SACs for use in practical applications. This review offers valuable guidance for the design of high-loading SACs.

Key words: SACs, Large-scale production, Electrocatalysis, Catalytic performance, Energy conversion and storage applications

Jin Yan, Nadia Batool, Zhangsen Chen, Qian Zhang, Kai Zeng, Tianyi Gu, Chengyi Lu, Jie Guo, Shuhui Sun, Ruizhi Yang. Large-Scale Production of High-Loading Single-Atom Catalysts for Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage Applications[J]. Electrochemical Energy Reviews, 2025, 8(4): 29-.

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Large-Scale Production of High-Loading Single-Atom Catalysts for Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage Applications

Large-Scale Production of High-Loading Single-Atom Catalysts for Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage Applications

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