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    Recent Advances in the Unconventional Design of Electrochemical Energy Storage and Conversion Devices
    Senthil Velan Venkatesan, Arpita Nandy, Kunal Karan, Stephen R. Larter, Venkataraman Thangadurai
    Electrochemical Energy Reviews    2022, 5 (4): 16-.   DOI: 10.1007/s41918-022-00162-6
    Abstract390)      PDF       Save
    As the world works to move away from traditional energy sources, effective efficient energy storage devices have become a key factor for success. The emergence of unconventional electrochemical energy storage devices, including hybrid batteries, hybrid redox flow cells and bacterial batteries, is part of the solution. These alternative electrochemical cell configurations provide materials and operating condition flexibility while offering high-energy conversion efficiency and modularity of design-to-design devices. The power of these diverse devices ranges from a few milliwatts to several megawatts. Manufacturing durable electronic and point-of-care devices is possible due to the development of all-solid-state batteries with efficient electrodes for long cycling and high energy density. New batteries made of earth-abundant metal ions are approaching the capacity of lithium-ion batteries. Costs are being reduced with the advent of flow batteries with engineered redox molecules for high energy density and membrane-free power generating electrochemical cells, which utilize liquid dynamics and interfaces (solid, liquid, and gaseous) for electrolyte separation. These batteries support electrode regeneration strategies for chemical and bio-batteries reducing battery energy costs. Other batteries have different benefits, e.g., carbon-neutral Li-CO2 batteries consume CO2 and generate power, offering dual-purpose energy storage and carbon sequestration. This work considers the recent technological advances of energy storage devices. Their transition from conventional to unconventional battery designs is examined to identify operational flexibilities, overall energy storage/conversion efficiency and application compatibility. Finally, a list of facilities for large-scale deployment of major electrochemical energy storage routes is provided.
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    Electrochemical Synthesis of Ammonia from Nitrogen Under Mild Conditions: Current Status and Challenges
    Yao Yao, Jing Wang, Usman Bin Shahid, Meng Gu, Haijiang Wang, Hui Li, Minhua Shao
    Electrochemical Energy Reviews    2020, 3 (2): 239-270.   DOI: 10.1007/s41918-019-00061-3
    Abstract963)      PDF       Save

    The electrochemical synthesis of ammonia under mild conditions has attracted significant interest in recent years because it can allow for the direct conversion of renewable electricity to chemical energy in the form of ammonia, which is an ideal medium for energy storage and transportation. And in contradistinction to the Haber-Bosch process, the electrochemical synthesis of ammonia is a much more environmentally friendly process that can operate under mild conditions with zero carbon dioxide (CO2) emission. However, this process is severely hindered by poor ammonia formation rates and Faradaic efficiency due to the competing hydrogen evolution reaction. Based on this, a review focused on the current status and challenges of the electrochemical synthesis of ammonia is imperative to promulgate this key process and promote future research. And therefore, this review will systematically survey the recent progress of the electrochemical synthesis of ammonia; and different from previous reviews, this review will include not only advances in electrocatalysts, but also in reactors, electrolytes and reaction mechanisms. In addition, future research directions and strategies to improve the performance of ammonia electrochemical synthesis systems are proposed with the aim of shedding light on the future direction of ammonia synthesis through nitrogen electrochemical reduction.


    Full-text:https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s41918-019-00061-3/fulltext.html

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    Correction to: Carbon-Based Metal-Free Electrocatalysis for Energy Conversion, Energy Storage, and Environmental Protection
    Chuangang Hu, Ying Xiao, Yuqin Zou, Liming Dai
    Electrochemical Energy Reviews    2018, 1 (2): 238-238.   DOI: 10.1007/s41918-018-0005-0
    Abstract793)      PDF       Save
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    Carbon-Based Metal-Free Electrocatalysis for Energy Conversion, Energy Storage, and Environmental Protection
    Chuangang Hu, Ying Xiao, Yuqin Zou, Liming Dai
    Electrochemical Energy Reviews    2018, 1 (1): 84-112.   DOI: 10.1007/s41918-018-0003-2
    Abstract1019)      PDF       Save
    Carbon-based metal-free catalysts possess desirable properties such as high earth abundance, low cost, high electrical conductivity, structural tunability, good selectivity, strong stability in acidic/alkaline conditions, and environmental friendliness. Because of these properties, these catalysts have recently received increasing attention in energy and environmental applications. Subsequently, various carbon-based electrocatalysts have been developed to replace noble metal catalysts for low-cost renewable generation and storage of clean energy and environmental protection through metal-free electrocatalysis. This article provides an up-to-date review of this rapidly developing feld by critically assessing recent advances in the mechanistic understanding, structure design, and material/device fabrication of metal-free carbon-based electrocatalysts for clean energy conversion/storage and environmental protection, along with discussions on current challenges and perspectives.

    Full-text: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s41918-018-0003-2
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