Toward Green Renewable Energies and Energy Storage for the Sustainable Decarbonization and Electrification of Society

doi:10.1007/s41918-025-00247-y

Electrochemical Energy Reviews ›› 2025, Vol. 8 ›› Issue (2): 12-.doi: 10.1007/s41918-025-00247-y

• • 上一篇

Toward Green Renewable Energies and Energy Storage for the Sustainable Decarbonization and Electrification of Society

Atiyeh Nekahi¹, M. R. Anil Kumar¹, Sixu Deng¹, Xia Li¹, Apostolos Petropoulos², Jagjit Nanda^3,4, Karim Zaghib¹

1. Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Concordia University, 1455 De Maisonneuve Blvd. West, Montreal, QC H3G 1M8, Canada;
2. International Energy Agency, 9 rue de la Fédération 75739, Paris Cedex 15, France;
3. Applied Energy Division, SLAC National Laboratory, 2575, Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA;
4. Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94035, USA

收稿日期:2024-08-06 修回日期:2024-12-09 出版日期:2025-06-20 发布日期:2025-11-12
通讯作者: Karim Zaghib Email:E-mail:karim.zaghib@concordia.ca E-mail:karim.zaghib@concordia.ca
基金资助:
We extend our deepest gratitude to AI-Mogul (Montreal, QC, Canada), Innovéé (Quebec, Canada), and NSERC-Alliance (Federal government) for their generous support, which were instrumental in the realization of this work.

Toward Green Renewable Energies and Energy Storage for the Sustainable Decarbonization and Electrification of Society

Atiyeh Nekahi¹, M. R. Anil Kumar¹, Sixu Deng¹, Xia Li¹, Apostolos Petropoulos², Jagjit Nanda^3,4, Karim Zaghib¹

1. Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Concordia University, 1455 De Maisonneuve Blvd. West, Montreal, QC H3G 1M8, Canada;
2. International Energy Agency, 9 rue de la Fédération 75739, Paris Cedex 15, France;
3. Applied Energy Division, SLAC National Laboratory, 2575, Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA;
4. Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94035, USA

Received:2024-08-06 Revised:2024-12-09 Online:2025-06-20 Published:2025-11-12
Contact: Karim Zaghib Email:E-mail:karim.zaghib@concordia.ca E-mail:karim.zaghib@concordia.ca
Supported by:
We extend our deepest gratitude to AI-Mogul (Montreal, QC, Canada), Innovéé (Quebec, Canada), and NSERC-Alliance (Federal government) for their generous support, which were instrumental in the realization of this work.

摘要/Abstract

摘要： An extensive literature review was conducted to investigate the pathways for the decarbonization and electrification of society and to cover different aspects to fulfill this objective. Despite the significant attraction and critical demand for achieving net-zero emissions, challenges must be addressed by adjusting policies and regulations and setting investments and budgets with the contribution of all nations and individuals. In this study, we explored the mission and vision of electrification, the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, the mitigation of global warming, and net-zero targets. We considered alternative scenarios and the COP28 outputs from near-term (2025–2030) and long-term strategies. With this objective in mind, we focused on the clean energy transition as the primary step for electrification. In the following section, we thoroughly reviewed the supplies and capacities of renewables, as well as projected and planned investments, with particular emphasis on hydropower, hydrogen, and other sources. The material demand, which is the main challenge hindering the on-time deployment of clean energy, was investigated. With increasing reliance on renewables, energy storage balances generation and consumption, particularly during peak hours and high-demand situations. Batteries, fuel cells, supercapacitors, and coupled energy conversion and storage were extensively discussed as the main storage devices in electric and hybrid energy storage systems. Finally, we investigated the electrification potential in daily life, from transportation via light- or heavy-duty vehicles to electric aviation, electronic devices, buildings, industrial processes, and smart grids. This framework comprehensively assesses and reviews recently employed strategies for electrification to ensure sustainability and reliability over the coming years.

关键词: Electrification, Decarbonization, Energy transition, Clean renewable energies, Energy storage, Sustainable life

Abstract: An extensive literature review was conducted to investigate the pathways for the decarbonization and electrification of society and to cover different aspects to fulfill this objective. Despite the significant attraction and critical demand for achieving net-zero emissions, challenges must be addressed by adjusting policies and regulations and setting investments and budgets with the contribution of all nations and individuals. In this study, we explored the mission and vision of electrification, the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, the mitigation of global warming, and net-zero targets. We considered alternative scenarios and the COP28 outputs from near-term (2025–2030) and long-term strategies. With this objective in mind, we focused on the clean energy transition as the primary step for electrification. In the following section, we thoroughly reviewed the supplies and capacities of renewables, as well as projected and planned investments, with particular emphasis on hydropower, hydrogen, and other sources. The material demand, which is the main challenge hindering the on-time deployment of clean energy, was investigated. With increasing reliance on renewables, energy storage balances generation and consumption, particularly during peak hours and high-demand situations. Batteries, fuel cells, supercapacitors, and coupled energy conversion and storage were extensively discussed as the main storage devices in electric and hybrid energy storage systems. Finally, we investigated the electrification potential in daily life, from transportation via light- or heavy-duty vehicles to electric aviation, electronic devices, buildings, industrial processes, and smart grids. This framework comprehensively assesses and reviews recently employed strategies for electrification to ensure sustainability and reliability over the coming years.

Key words: Electrification, Decarbonization, Energy transition, Clean renewable energies, Energy storage, Sustainable life

Atiyeh Nekahi, M. R. Anil Kumar, Sixu Deng, Xia Li, Apostolos Petropoulos, Jagjit Nanda, Karim Zaghib. Toward Green Renewable Energies and Energy Storage for the Sustainable Decarbonization and Electrification of Society[J]. Electrochemical Energy Reviews, 2025, 8(2): 12-.

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Toward Green Renewable Energies and Energy Storage for the Sustainable Decarbonization and Electrification of Society

Toward Green Renewable Energies and Energy Storage for the Sustainable Decarbonization and Electrification of Society

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